5151efc6568b665320157b42ec88af8f89805cf4.pdf

content: 1 Indian Child Caravan Related Documents in UBCIC Resource Centre Monographs Bensen, Robert, ed. Children of the Dragonfly: Native American Voices on Child Custody and Education. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 2001. Print. [In Process] Children of the Dragonfly in an anthology of stories about Native children removed from their homes, and the struggle for cultural survival in the United States and Canada. Blaney, Fay. “Statement of Native Indian concerns, re: Child Welfare Services in British Columbia”. Vancouver: Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development, 30 Jun. 1980. Print. [Hf 165 Brian Deer] Fay Blaney was hired as a coordinator for a Child Welfare Study, working out of the UBCIC to gather information from BC First Nations to provide recommendations for a term of reference for the study committee on a larger child welfare study. Pages 7-12 give a list of 59 recommendations provided for a term of reference. Pages 13 to 15 show a list of “Recommendations to the Committee for Consideration”. British Columbia. Family and Children’s Services. Community Panel. “Ending the Legalized Abduction of Aboriginal Children.” Liberating Our Children, Liberating Our Nations: Report of the aboriginal Committee . Victoria: Legislation Review in British Columbia, 1992. 63-73. Print. [KEB 418.5 [.a95] C55 C6668 1992] This chapter touches on Aboriginal law, investigations, apprehensions and placement of children. British Columbia. Family and Children’s Services. Community Panel. Making Changes: A Place to Start. Victoria: Legislative Review in British Columbia, 1992. Print. [KEB 418.5 (.a95) C55 C6668m 1992] With chapters on community development, youth services, guardianship, child protection, and legislative changes. British Columbia. Ministry of Social Services. “Native Child Welfare Issues.” Protecting Our Children, Supporting Our Families: A Review of Child Protection Issues in British Columbia. Victoria: B.C. Ministry of Social Services, 1992. 54-60. Print. [KEB 418.5 (.a951) C55 P76 1992] This chapter gives an overview of native child welfare issues, the historical and current situation of native child welfare and offers alternative models for future directions. British Columbia Native Women’s Society. Proposal for Recommended Legislative Enactment with respect to rights for Native Indian Children and Protection of Native Indian Children by Independent Indian Bands. British Columbia Native Women’s Society, 1979. Print. [VERTICAL FILE: Child welfare, Indigenous control of - British Columbia] 2 The B.C. Native Women's Society drafted resolutions which came out of their 12 th Annual Conference in October 13 th and 14 th of 1980. This document is labeled as a 'DRAFT ONLY' document, however, within it contains a series of recommendations based in part on analysis of various documents such as the Indian Act, and founding arguments based on International Law regarding genocide. Canada. Indian and Northern Affairs Canada. Indian and Inuit Affairs Program. Membership Division. Adoption and the Indian Child. Ottawa: Minister of Indian Affairs and Northern Development, 1981. Print. [Hf 174 Brian Deer] Information on adopted Indian children, outlining their information on status, rights and benefits. Caring, Coping, Change, Challenges for the 80’s: A report of the Fourth National Indian Child Conference, September 12-16, 1982 . Phoenix: Save the Children, 1982. Print. [Hf 166 Brian Deer] This report gives a portrait of the American Indian child; overviews of presentations on health, education and human resources; overviews of conference workshops; and recommendations for Indian Child Welfare Act programs with strategies. Fournier, Suzanne and Ernie Crey. Stolen From Our Embrace: The Abduction of First Nations Children and the Restoration of Aboriginal Communities. Vancouver: Douglas & McIntyre, 1997. Print. [HV 745 .A6 F68 1998] Stolen from Our Embrace documents successful traditional healing processes in First Nations communities to deal with the effects of residential schools and forced adoption . Johnston, Patrick. Native Children and the Child Welfare System. Toronto: Canadian Council on Social Development, 1983. Print. [HV 745 .A6 J6567 1983] Johnston explains the background of child welfare and residential schools in Canada, explaining jurisdictional viewpoints and current data on Native children in the child welfare system.. Legal Services Society of British Columbia. For the Sake of Our Children: A video guide to child protection law in B.C. [Vancouver]: Legal Services Society Native Program, 2000. Videocassette. [HV 745 .F68 2000] This video outlines the legal rights of parents whose child(ren) are taken by authorities. It uses dramatizations, interviews and personal testimonies to examine what happens when authorities remove a child from the family. Through short dramatizations, interviews with professionals, and the personal testimony of a mother whose daughters were apprehended, this video examines the issue of child protection from numerous angles. Levitt, Ken. Challenge of Child Welfare. Vancouver: UBC Press, 2001. Print. [In Process] This book examines the issues that represent child welfare in Canada. It discusses the lack of standardization of child welfare policy between Canadian provinces, the dismantling of social service programs. 3 McDonald, John A. Child Welfare Policy and the Native Indian Child in British Columbia . Vancouver: UBC Press, 1979. [Hf 130 Brian Deer] The author at the time of writing, expresses that the child care problems cannot be separated from the present disadvantaged status of Native people within Canadian society (p. 2), but also remarked on the recommendations stemming from the “Royal Commission on Family and Children's Law, 1975” of greater native involvement within the Department of Human Resources, orientation to Native Indian culture in the training of all professional personnel (I wonder if this has ever been done?), but most importantly that Band council members be consulted prior to placement for the purpose of securing suitable placements with extended family members for children in need of care (p. 9). At this time, there was no consideration given to have the Indian band gain complete authority to determine the welfare of children needing care. The author highlights on p. 11, “The Child Welfare Committee of the Stoney Creek Indian Reserve.” A process was developed to interact with the Indian Band, the Ministry of Human Resources, and the Indian Affairs Branch. Results are noted. McDonald, John A. The Spallumcheen Indian Band and Its Impact on Child Welfare Policy in British Columbia. Vancouver: School of Social Work, University of British Columbia, 1981. Print. [Hf 151 Brian Deer] This writer begins the timeline for Indian involvement with provincial child welfare as a post-world war II phenomena, where previous to this, seriously neglected children would be placed in a federally run residential school. On page 6, the author notes in 1955, there were a total of 29 Indian children in provincial child welfare compared to the total of 3, 433 children. By 1960, this number rose to 849, two years later 1,100, in 1964, 1,446 children, and in 1968 this number increased to 2, 324. In thirteen years, the increase was almost 81 times greater. Quote from p. 1: “...on Thanksgiving Day, 1980[November 27, 1980], some 600 Native Indians assembled at Oppenheimer Park...After hearing speeches by their leaders, the Indians gathered in a motor vehicle caravan and under police escort moved slowly up Main Street to Hillcrest park. At the park they left their vehicles and continued their journey on foot west along King Edward Boulevard, past the affluent mansions of the Shaunghnessy district, finally stopping outside the home of the Honourable Grace McCarthy, B.C.'s Minister of Human Resources.” Quote from p. 2: “On the day following [November 28, 1980] the demonstration Chief Christian succeeded in meeting with Mrs. McCarthy and her Deputy Minister. Much to the surprise of professional social workers, the ensuing discussion resulted in the following hand-written, undated agreement, signed by the Minister and Chief Wayne Christian: “The Minister of Human Resources agrees to respect the authority of the Spallumcheen Band Council to assume responsibility and control over their children. The Minister of Human Resources agrees to the desirability of returning Indian children of the Spallumcheen Band presently in the care of the Minister of Human Resources to the authority of the Spallumcheen Band and both parties agree to work out an appropriate plan into the best interests of each child presently in care, assuming that the Spallumcheen Band will develop necessary resources in negotiation with the federal government.” Spallumcheen Indian Band. “A By-Law for the Care of our Indian Children: Spallumcheen Indian Band By-Law #2-1980.” Summary of Proceedings Indian Child Welfare Workshop (April 15, 16 and 17, 1980) . Winnipeg: Canadian Indian Lawyers Association, 1980. 70-81. [Hf 167 Brian Deer] 4 The bylaw as codified by the Spallumcheen Nation regarding Indian children in care, passed through band membership April 22, 1980. Spallumcheen Indian Band. A By-Law for the Care of Our Indian Children: Spallumcheen Indian Band By-Law #3-1980. Spallumcheen: Spallumcheen Indian Band, 1980. Print. [Kg 143 Brian Deer] An amended version of #2-1980. By-Law #3-1980 was passed June 3, 1980 with the following changes: 1. Section - 1(V) to include sections S.P.1 (a)(b)(c) and S. 81 of the Indian Act. 2. Section - 3(b) has been deleted The Indian and Northern Affairs document reiterates the application for this by-law to be accepted as law by the Indian and Northern Affairs department on behalf of the Spallumcheen Indian Band. Walkem, Ardith. “Canada’s History of Assimilation.” Calling Forth Our Future . Vancouver: Union of British Columbia Indian Chiefs, 2002. 9-13. Print. [HV 745 (.a97 U55 2002] This chapter discusses residential schools, section 88 and the provincial child welfare system, delegated authority models, and citizenship. Walmsley, Christopher. Protecting Aboriginal Children . Vancouver: UBC Press, 2005. P 24-25. Print. [In Process] Reference to Spallumcheen Indian Band and Chief Wayne Christian with quote: “After being approached by a mother whose four children (cross reference Brian Deere call No. Hf 146 1981, p. 1) had been removed by BC Ministry of Human Resources, Christian brought the issue before the band council. The band drafted a child welfare by-law in early 1980 and proposed it to the minister of Indian Affairs, the Honorable John Munro. The Minister at first disallowed the by-law as unconstitutional since it permitted a band to exercise child welfare powers, which were the exclusive jurisdiction of the province. After minor changes and intense lobbying, the minister agreed to the by-law, which came into effect on 3 September, 1980. The band then turned its attention towards the BC Government. The minister of Human Resources, Grace McCarthy was urged to respect the powers conferred on the band by the new child welfare by-law. After a motorized caravan of Aboriginal people to Vancouver, a march of over 1,000 persons through the city's streets, and a rally outside the minster's fashionable Vancouver home, she agreed to a meeting. The next day a handwritten agreement resulted form a lengthy meeting with the minister.” (p. 24). Further, “The Spallumcheen Band's child welfare by-law is an achievement that has not been attained by any other band in Canada.” (p. 25). “The new policy stated that, when a Status Indian child was likely to be removed, social workers should notify the band and encourage the band's participation I planning for the child. In addition, the social worker should discuss with the parent(s) all possible resources available to them, included the extended family.” (p. 25). Watchman, Darlene. Indian Child Welfare: Working together to make it Work: a report on demonstration training for Tribal and State Agency workers. [Seattle]:Northwest Regional Child Welfare Training Centre, 1982. Print. [Py 118 Brian Deer] Introduction raised the point of some of the difficulties which arose after the “Indian Child Welfare Act” became law in the United States. Pointing to lack of resources, not just financial but creating infrastructure to meet the requirements imposed within this Act prevented all the Indian tribes from benefiting from taking over control of their children's welfare. The document itself is an overview of Indian Child Welfare in the Washington State. 5 Wuerscher, Rose. Problems with the Legislative Base for Native Child Welfare Services. Ottawa: Department of Indian and Northern Affairs, 1979. Print. [Hf 168 Brian Deer] This paper demonstrates the importance of Indian culture and values recognition at both legislative and administrative levels. Wuttunee, Lauren. “Final Paper for Family Law ( Law 348-02).” Law 348. Family Law. December 1981. Final paper. [Hf 146 Brian Deer] This document examines the Samson Band and the removal of children from non-band agencies. The author poses two possibilities in garnering greater control of the loss of culture through removal of children, one being to establish a by-law giving the band exclusive jurisdiction over any child custody proceeding involving Indian children. Page 4 under the title of “Alternatives” examines the Spallumcheen Indian Band and the band by-law created to intervene on child's benefit. A specific case of “Laura Joseph” whose children were apprehended August, 13, 1980 and argued before the courts using “Kayoosh Indian Band By-Law #3-1980 entitled, “A By-Law For The Care of Our Indian Children” passed by Band Membership in April, 1980. Union of British Columbia Indian Chiefs. “Indian Child Caravan Issue, 12 th Annual General Assembly, Union of B.C. Indian Chiefs, October 1980, Rough Draft, Synopsis – Verbatim Minutes, March 1981.” Vancouver: Union of British Columbia Indian Chiefs, 1981. Print. [Fsp 118] The verbatim minutes that come from this meeting, outline various points of interest the Spallumcheen Band took from the legalities involving Indian bands, and instituted a by law giving the Spallumcheen power of the children from the reserve. Out of 24 points demanded of the Federal Government including authority and self-determination to Indian People, section 17 contains Health and Welfare to which Indian Children fall in. The bylaw developed is only for the Spallumcheen band, and does not apply to other First Nations. Serials Canada. Indian and Northern Affairs. Indian News. Ottawa: Indian Affairs Branch of the Dept. of Citizenship and Immigration. Lazore, Melissa. “Status for adopted child complex issue.” Indian News. Ottawa: Indian Affairs Branch of the Dept. of Citizenship and Immigration. Vol. 20, No. 3 (Jul. 1979): 4. Print. Article examines adoption of Indian children. Statement: “Today, we find that the Indian community is no longer self-sufficient in the area of child welfare. This is partly due to a change in attitude and way of life which is now rules by federal laws. The provincial adoption standards are another reason.” The article continues with an examination of Indian children being adopted under provincial laws . “Chief Says 100 Band Children Have Been Taken Away in 29 Years by Welfare Agencies.” Indian News. Ottawa: Indian Affairs Branch of the Dept. of Citizenship and Immigration. Vol. 21, No. 2 (May 1980): 9. Print. 6 Article meant to refer to Chief Wayne Christian, instead remarks on, “An angry B.C. Chief” named Chief John Christian. Article states, “The Indians also have no chance of getting the children back, unlike white families, Chief Christian says.” “Stop Stealing Our Children.” Indian News. Ottawa: Indian Affairs Branch of the Dept. of Citizenship and Immigration. Vol. 21, No. 8 (Nov. 1980): 1-2. Print. Article remarks on Child Caravan rally, with focus on neighborhood around the Deputy-Premier of British Columbia, Grace McCarthy's house. Marcelline Manuel from Chase B.C. was taken away at 9 years and spoke at the door of Grace McCarthy's house. Grim stats presented, and one other quote from a neighbor of Grace McCarthy's that said, “I sympathize with them,” said Olga Jorgenson, “I worked in Hazelton when I first arrived in Canada from China and I helped deliver four children,” she said, “I know how they live.” No mention of Chief Wayne Christian. “Workshop on Indian Child Welfare Rights.” Indian News. Ottawa: Indian Affairs Branch of the Dept. of Citizenship and Immigration. Vol. 21, No. 10 (Jan. 1981): 5. Print. “The Canadian Indian Lawyers Association (C.I.L.A.) is holding a three day National Workshop on Indian Child Welfare Rights...”. Further, the article states a similar workshop in Winnipeg, Manitoba in April of 1980. Recommendations included C.I.L.A. Assume the responsibility of following up on the recommendations, but also that an increased awareness and understanding and the clarification of jurisdiction. Ms. Nancy Tuthill, Acting Director, American Indian Law Centre, was confirmed as an expert on the Indian Child Welfare Act, 1978 which gave back to Tribal Councils jurisdiction over Indian children. “Names in the News.” Indian News. Ottawa: Indian Affairs Branch of the Dept. of Citizenship and Immigration. Vol. 22, No. 1 (Apr. 1981): 7. Print. Quotes from 1) Chief Wayne Christian, 2) Huron Chief Max Gros Louise and Andrew Delisle, 3) Indian Affairs Minister John Munro, and 4) Gary Gould. Maracle, Brian. “Native Children Up For Grabs.” Indian News. Ottawa: Indian Affairs Branch of the Dept. of Citizenship and Immigration. Vol. 22, No. 11 (Feb. 1982): 1, 7. Print. Native children, the association of the Department of Indian Affairs, and the child welfare system all clash to a peak of native children in record numbers. “The Department of Indian Affairs has itself acknowledged the shortcomings in the welfare system. A July, 1981 draft memo to Cabinet said: “Services to children and families in Indian communities have been grossly inadequate by any recognized standard.” Within this document, Chief Wayne Christian is quoted regarding the loss of his brother after returning to the reserve after being taken away, along with a review of how the events turned out once band responsibility was granted regarding the children. After it's first year, Chief Wayne Christian says, “the program has been an unqualified success.” “Indian Child Welfare will rest with Indians.” Indian News. Ottawa: Indian Affairs Branch of the Dept. of Citizenship and Immigration. Vol. 23, No. 1 (Apr. 1982): 1. Print. A tripartite agreement called, “The Canada-Manitoba Indian Child Welfare Agreement” was signed February 22, 1982 after five years of work, which will provide, “a full range of child welfare services for Indian communities in this province.” 7 “Short Circuiting Adoptions.” Indian News. Ottawa: Indian Affairs Branch of the Dept. of Citizenship and Immigration. Vol. 23, No. 1 (Apr. 1982): 4. Print. “Manitoba's child care agencies are sending native children to the United States for adoption instead of doing the work necessary to place them in Canada.” This article involves the direct link to the United States for Native children to be adopted without the proper – thorough – checking in Canada for homes, specifically for native homes. “Director Delighted.” Indian News. Ottawa: Indian Affairs Branch of the Dept. of Citizenship and Immigration. Vol. 23, No. 1 (Apr. 1982): 4. Print. Director of the New Orleans Children's Bureau, Richard Zeilenger, who previously worked as a child care worker in London, Ontario, expressed delight at the fast tracking system in place from Manitoba for Naive children to be placed for adoption into the states. “Native leaders, long up in arms over the “export” of Native children from the province, have condemned both the agency and Zeilenger.” Indian Homemaker’s Association. Indian Voice, Vancouver: Indian Homemaker’s Association. “Indian Children ‘Lost Generation.” Indian Voice, Vancouver: Indian Homemaker’s Association. Vol. 12 No. 5 (May 1980): 3. Print. Reprinted from the Vancouver Sun, May 12, 1980. This article talks about the Protection of Children Act and how at almost 30 per cent of a band’s population, an entire generation of children has been taken away from their homes. It also discussed the effect this has on the children. “Indian people must have power to stop child apprehensions.” Indian Voice, Vancouver: Indian Homemaker’s Association. Vol. 12, No. 7 (Jul. 1980): 19. Print. A member of the Stoney Creek Welfare committee stood up at a Indian Homemakers Association workshop and told non-indigenous panel members that Indigenous people should make the decisions within their own community and are more able to communicate problems of child apprehension. “Human Resources jurisdiction over Native Indian children questioned by Indian people.” Indian Voice, Vancouver: Indian Homemaker’s Association. Vol. 12, No. 9 (Sep. 1980): 1. Print. The Spallumcheen Band passed a by-law on Indian child care giving control of their children to the Spallumcheen Band and are starting the Indian Child Caravan. This article includes the Indian Child Caravan schedule. “Organizations Protest Bill 45.” Indian Voice, Vancouver: Indian Homemaker’s Association. Vol. 12, No. 9 (Sep. 1980): 2. Print. United Native Nations and the B.C. Native Courtworkers and Counseling Association are demanding a moratorium on the Family and Child Service Act which hardly mentions Indian people who are being affected by the current childcare act in the apprehensions of children. The 8 new act would only require notice of hearings to the Chief of an Indian Band where a child is registered. Many Indigenous organizations agree that Native Indian involvement in Lay Panel decisions should be inscribed in legislation. “Human Resources is not to blame for apprehension of Indian children.” Indian Voice, Vancouver: Indian Homemaker’s Association. Vol. 12, No. 10 (Oct. 1980): 1. Print. During the arrival of the Indian Child Caravan in Vancouver, the minister of human resources responded to media saying the courts are to blame for the apprehension of Indian children. “Spallumcheen band passes first by-law on the care of children.” Indian Voice, Vancouver: Indian Homemaker’s Association. Vol. 12, No. 10 (Oct. 1980): 3. Print. This article talks about the act passed by the Spallumcheen band on control of child care. UBCIC Publications Union of British Columbia Indian Chiefs. Our Indian World: the Choice is Ours. Vancouver: Union of British Columbia Indian Chiefs. “Indian Homes for Indian Children.” Our Indian World: the Choice is Ours . Vancouver: Union of British Columbia Indian Chiefs. Vol. 2, No. 7 (Nov./Dec. 1979): 10-11. Print. B.C. Native Women's Society questions why 1500 BC Status Indian children are being placed in non-Indian homes. “Child of Two Worlds: Which Path Will You Follow?” Our Indian World: the Choice is Ours . Vancouver: Union of British Columbia Indian Chiefs. Vol. 2, No. 7 (Nov./Dec. 1979): 11. Print. Narrative on mixed blood. Personal. Quantitative. Poem about ‘Half Breeds’. “The Right to Grow Up Indian.” Our Indian World: the Choice is Ours . Vancouver: Union of British Columbia Indian Chiefs. Vol. 2, No. 8 (Jan. 1980): 18. Print. Department of Indian Affairs to conduct a Child Welfare Study of British Columbia. UBCIC statement, “We feel that our goal is to improve child care strengthening Indian government and its ability to deal with child welfare problems.” “Child Welfare Study.” Our Indian World: the Choice is Ours . Vancouver: Union of British Columbia Indian Chiefs. Vol. 2, No. 9 (Feb. 1980): 38. Print. Announcement that a contracted position of, “Coordinator of the Child Welfare Study” through the Department of Indian Affairs will be conducted out of the UBCIC office, but is not an employee of the UBCIC. “Indian Controlled Health Services Called For.” Our Indian World: the Choice is Ours . Vancouver: Union of British Columbia Indian Chiefs. Vol. 2, No. 10 (Mar. 1980): 8-10. Print. 9 Subheading, “The Children Want a Better Future.” Children making a statement to the committee that they want a better future by participating more in the community and learning their culture. Eugene, Xavier. “Care for your Children.” Our Indian World: the Choice is Ours . Vancouver: Union of British Columbia Indian Chiefs. Vol. 2, No. 10 (Mar. 1980): 35. Print. Provides pointers on raising children with love and respect. Blaney, Fay. “Child Welfare Study.” Our Indian World: the Choice is Ours . Vancouver: Union of British Columbia Indian Chiefs. Vol. 2, No. 10 (Mar. 1980): 35. Print. Update from the coordinator of the Child Welfare Study stating the importance of document submission of terms of reference material. “Child Welfare Study.” Our Indian World: the Choice is Ours . Vancouver: Union of British Columbia Indian Chiefs. Vol. 3, No. 1 (Apr. 1980): 35. Print. Announcement regarding a three month extension conducting the preliminary study. Northern B.C. Communities participating through local meetings. Christian, Chief Wayne. “Our Children, Our Survival.” Our Indian World: the Choice is Ours . Vancouver: Union of British Columbia Indian Chiefs. Vol. 3, No. 4 (Jul. 1980): 218- 19. Print. A moving call to action to assert the rights of Indian governments to care for their own children. Challenges the provincial jurisdiction within the lands of the Spallumcheen Indian Band regarding the taking of children away from the reserve under the guise of protecting the children from abuse, when they are put into situations of non-Indian homes which Christian states, “lead to social chaos in our society.” “Welfare of our Children.” Our Indian World: the Choice is Ours . Vancouver: Union of British Columbia Indian Chiefs. Vol. 3, No. 4 (Jul. 1980): 28. Print. Announcement of completion of Phase one of child welfare study. “Child Apprehension: Judge Sends Children Back Home.” Our Indian World: the Choice is Ours . Vancouver: Union of British Columbia Indian Chiefs. Vol. 4, No. 4 (Jul. 1980): 28. Print. Summary of various child apprehension issues before the court; difference between welfare worker and community needs; judge makes statement in one case that the, “community should take responsibility for the welfare of their children.” In a separate note, Spallumcheen codifies their responsibility to their children, limiting outside influence on the care of their children. “The New Family and Child Service Act: Bill 45.” Our Indian World: the Choice is Ours . Vancouver: Union of British Columbia Indian Chiefs. Vol. 3, No. 5 (Aug. 1980): 33. This bill was not in law at the time of printing; however, this was a briefing to the potential fall 10 backs on Indian families. It was found that social workers were given greater discretionary powers in defining the more general terms for apprehension, which could lead to more Indian children apprehensions, rather than less. “Interview Chief Wayne Christian - Leader of the Indian Child Caravan.” Our Indian World: the Choice is Ours . Vancouver: Union of British Columbia Indian Chiefs. Vol. 3, No. 6 (Sep. 1980): 4-6. Print. Interview conducted by Sadie Worn-Staff of the Union of B.C. Indian Chiefs. Chief Christian discusses his own personal loss of his brother through suicide and the effects of “identity crisis trauma”, resulting from Indian children losing their identities through forced removal from the community. The official call for the caravan entitled, “A Call to Indian People to Join or Support our B.C. Province-Wide Indian Child Care-A-Van” laid out the plans of the caravan, leading to a rally in Vancouver for October 13 th , 1980. “Chief Council Meeting.” Our Indian World: the Choice is Ours . Vancouver: Union of British Columbia Indian Chiefs. Vol. 3, No. 6 (Sep. 1980): 16. Print. Announcement for upcoming Chiefs Council meeting to include Chief Wayne Christian and the Child Caravan. Smith, Fran. “Our Children-Our Homes.” Our Indian World: the Choice is Ours . Vancouver: Union of British Columbia Indian Chiefs. Vol. 3, No. 6 (Sep. 1980): 25. Print. Two foster homes for Native children run by Native people were created to keep Indian children within cultural reach. “Letter to the Editor.” Our Indian World: the Choice is Ours . Vancouver: Union of British Columbia Indian Chiefs. Vol. 3, No. 6 (Sep. 1980): 33. Print. Letter from Mrs. Irene Bryson from the Osoyoos Indian Band on Chief Wayne Christians July 1980 piece (Our Children-Our Survival p.18-19, July 1980). Links section 12 of the Indian Act discriminated against Indian women as another form of genocide in line with the taking of children to be placed in white foster homes. “Indian Child Caravan.” Our Indian World: the Choice is Ours . Vancouver: Union of British Columbia Indian Chiefs. Vol. 3, No. 7 (Oct. 1980): 7-8, 15-18, 20. Print. Subheading: “A Victory for our people – the implementation of Indian Government”. Three legs to this caravan from Neskainlith Indian Government Hall, the Kootenays, Central Interior and northern regions made up the second leg, and the third started from Mount Currie, all converged in Vancouver, starting in Oppenheimer Park on October 13 th , 1981. “The caravan then travelled through Vancouver, with a police escort, to the home of Human Resources Minister Grace McCarthy.” On October 16 th , 1981, Wayne Christian and UBCIC representatives met McCarthy, where an agreement was worked out that the band can reclaim children now in non-Indian foster homes as long as the children wanted to return to the reserve. “The mechanism is now in place for the implementation of Indian Government in the area of child welfare.” “Indian Child Caravan Starts Assembly with Determination.” Our Indian World: the Choice is Ours . Vancouver: Union of British Columbia Indian Chiefs. Vol. 3, No. 7 (Oct. 1980): 16. Print. 11 A small article indicating no time to rejoice for victory resulting from the Indian Child Caravan as the undermining pressure from the Constitution could remove all “we've fought so fiercely during the last 113 years.” “Resolutions.” Our Indian World: the Choice is Ours . Vancouver: Union of British Columbia Indian Chiefs. Vol. 3, No. 7 (Oct. 1980): 20. Print. Part of “Resolutions” beginning on page 19, a series of resolutions regarding Indian Government over child care. “Indian Child Caravan.” Our Indian World: the Choice is Ours . Vancouver: Union of British Columbia Indian Chiefs. Vol. 3, No. 9 (Jan. 1981): 28. Print. Chief Wayne Christian will be meeting with, on January 22 nd , 198, DIA Regional Director Walchli, to confirm and develop further the transfer payments so that Bands will have complete control of Child Welfare funds. This is the same agreement made with the province as a result of the Child Caravan. “Child Welfare Laws?” Our Indian World: the Choice is Ours . Vancouver: Union of British Columbia Indian Chiefs. Vol. 3, No. 11 (Mar. 1981): 30. Print. Various issues presented through looking at America Indian Child Welfare Act of 1978, and the Spallumcheen Child Welfare legislation, their uses, implementation and lack of resources. Christian, Chief Wayne. “Indian Child Caravan.” Our Indian World: the Choice is Ours . Vancouver: Union of British Columbia Indian Chiefs. Vol. 3, No. 11 (Mar. 1981): 30. Print. Thank you for the support letter, along with acknowledging the lack of follow up due to other pressures with the constitutional express in dealing with the agreement between Grace McCarthy and the Spallumcheen Indian Band. Christian, Chief Wayne. “A Great Indian Power is Created” Our Indian World: the Choice is Ours . Vancouver: Union of British Columbia Indian Chiefs. Vol. 4, No. 1 (Apr. 1981): 12-13. Print. Chief Wayne Christian discusses both the Child Caravan, and the Constitution Express. He offers three main points: 1) Standing up with the leaders, the people won our first victory – here he discusses the Indian Child Caravan of October 1980. 2) The Constitution Express showed the people have the power of victory – here he discusses the Constitution Express and remarks on the danger each person had in leaving the non-Indian government to decide Indian fate. 3) The people's movement takes the Indian Constitution Express on to England – stating that the people want to continue the fight to England. Gardner, Ethel. “Child Conference Focuses on Indian Values” Our Indian World: the Choice is Ours . Vancouver: Union of British Columbia Indian Chiefs. Vol. 4, No. 2 (May/Jun. 1981): 16-17. Print. An Indian Child focused conference in Albuquerque, New Mexico, May 17-21, 1981, connected 12 children and family issues through the United States and Canada within the various Indian Nations. Mentioned was that British Columbia sent delegates from the University of BC through the NITEP Program and the social services program, also were sent delegates from the Professional Native Women's Association. UBCIC Bulletins Union of British Columbia Indian Chiefs. “ Child Welfare Bulletin, Week ending September 12, 1980.” Print. Bulletin outlines the primary goals of the caravan, the schedule, plans for placement, committees, and the family and child services act Spallumcheen law. It also includes poems and pictures. Union of British Columbia Indian Chiefs. “ Child Welfare Bulletin -- Week ending September 19, 1980.” Print. This bulletin includes the information from previous bulletin.

Part of Indian Child Caravan Related Documents in UBCIC Resource Centre